What is Bursitis?
Bursitis is the inflammation of a bursa, a small fluid-filled sac that cushions and reduces friction between bones, tendons, and muscles. Bursae are found throughout the body, but bursitis most commonly affects the elbow, shoulder, and hip due to repetitive motion, overuse, or injury. When a bursa becomes inflamed, it can cause pain, swelling, and restricted movement in the affected joint.
Common Causes of Bursitis
Bursitis can result from various factors, including:
- Repetitive Movements – Activities like throwing, lifting, or kneeling for extended periods
- Prolonged Pressure – Leaning on the elbow or sleeping on one side for too long
- Injury or Trauma – A direct impact to the joint
- Overuse or Strain – Sports, manual labor, or exercise-related stress
- Infection (Septic Bursitis) – Bacteria entering the bursa through a cut or wound
- Underlying Conditions – Arthritis, gout, and diabetes can increase the risk
Symptoms of Bursitis
Symptoms can vary depending on the affected joint but generally include:
- Pain and tenderness – Worsens with movement or pressure
- Swelling and warmth – Inflammation of the bursa
- Stiffness and restricted motion – Difficulty moving the joint
- Redness (if infected) – Signs of septic bursitis requiring medical attention
Common Types of Bursitis
Elbow Bursitis (Olecranon Bursitis)
- Often caused by prolonged pressure (leaning on the elbow) or direct trauma
- Swelling at the tip of the elbow
- May become infected, leading to redness and warmth
Shoulder Bursitis (Subacromial Bursitis)
- Frequently associated with rotator cuff injuries and repetitive overhead motions
- Pain with lifting, reaching, or sleeping on the affected shoulder
- Stiffness and reduced range of motion
Hip Bursitis (Trochanteric Bursitis)
- Common in runners, athletes, and older adults
- Pain on the outer side of the hip, which may spread to the thigh
- Worsens with prolonged standing, walking, or lying on the affected side
Diagnosis
To diagnose bursitis, a doctor will conduct:
- Physical Examination – Assessing pain, swelling, and range of motion
- X-rays – To rule out fractures or arthritis
- Ultrasound or MRI – For a detailed view of bursa inflammation
- Aspiration (Fluid Removal) – If infection is suspected, fluid may be tested for bacteria
Treatment Options
Non-Surgical Treatments
- Rest and Activity Modification – Avoiding repetitive movements that aggravate symptoms
- Ice Therapy – Reduces swelling and pain
- Medications – NSAIDs (like ibuprofen) to relieve inflammation
- Physical Therapy – Strengthening and stretching exercises to improve joint function
- Corticosteroid Injections – For persistent pain and inflammation
Surgical Treatments
- Aspiration and Drainage – If fluid buildup is excessive or infected
- Bursa Removal (Bursectomy) – Rarely needed but may be performed in chronic or severe cases
Bursitis is a common condition that can cause significant discomfort, but it is often manageable with rest, therapy, and anti-inflammatory treatments. If symptoms persist or worsen, seeking medical evaluation can help prevent complications and restore joint function.
